Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2005 Report on Women and Entrepreneurship
Professor Maria Minniti, PhD, Professor I. Elaine Allen, PhD, Professor Nan Langowitz DBA
Published: March 2006
The GEM Report on Women and Entrepreneurship provides an in-depth global look at women's entrepreneurship and highlights the important role that women play in developing and developed economies.
Methodology:
Since its inception in 1999, GEM’s major activity has been the creation of a large data set and the construction of harmonized measures of entrepreneurial activity. The data used in this report comes from the 2005 GEM adult population surveys and from standardized cross-national data obtained from sources such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the United Nations. The 2005 GEM adult population surveys were conducted by telephone or face to face, and were designed to yield a representative sample of the population within each country. The GEM data set for 2005 includes responses from 107,464 individuals, 50.4% of whom were women. The 35 GEM countries participating in 2005 were divided into two country clusters (middle-income and high-income) based on their per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP growth rate. The middle-income country cluster is comprised of 13 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Croatia, Hungary, Jamaica, Latvia, Mexico, Slovenia, South Africa, Thailand and Venezuela. The high-income country cluster is comprised of 22 countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States. All countries use region stratification, except very small ones like Iceland. Data are also weighted by gender and age to create representative samples of each population. Detailed information on GEM data collection methodology and on the statistical properties of the data can be found in the Appendix of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2005 Executive Report available through the GEM Consortium website at www.gemconsortium.org
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Additional Reports
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2004 Report on Women and Entrepreneurship
Professor Maria Minniti, PhD, Professor I. Elaine Allen, PhD, Professor Nan Langowitz DBA
Published: March 2005
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